NextcloudBackup.sh

   1 #!/bin/bash
   2
   3 #
   4 # Bash script for creating backups of Nextcloud.
   5 #
   6 # Version 2.3.2
   7 #
   8 # Requirements:
   9 #       - pigz (https://zlib.net/pigz/) for using backup compression. If not available, you can use another compression algorithm (e.g. gzip)
  10 #
  11 # Supported database systems:
  12 #       - MySQL/MariaDB
  13 #       - PostgreSQL
  14 #
  15 # Usage:
  16 #       - With backup directory specified in the script:  ./NextcloudBackup.sh
  17 #       - With backup directory specified by parameter: ./NextcloudBackup.sh <backupDirectory> (e.g. ./NextcloudBackup.sh /media/hdd/nextcloud_backup)
  18 #
  19 # The script is based on an installation of Nextcloud using nginx and MariaDB, see https://decatec.de/home-server/nextcloud-auf-ubuntu-server-20-04-lts-mit-nginx-mariadb-php-lets-encrypt-redis-und-fail2ban/
  20 #
  21
  22 #
  23 # IMPORTANT
  24 # You have to customize this script (directories, users, etc.) for your actual environment.
  25 # All entries which need to be customized are tagged with "TODO".
  26 #
  27
  28 # Make sure the script exits when any command fails
  29 set -Eeuo pipefail
  30
  31 # Variables
  32 backupMainDir=${1:-}
  33
  34 if [ -z "$backupMainDir" ]; then
  35         # TODO: The directory where you store the Nextcloud backups (when not specified by args)
  36         backupMainDir='/media/hdd/nextcloud_backup'
  37 else
  38         backupMainDir=$(echo $backupMainDir | sed 's:/*$::')
  39 fi
  40
  41 currentDate=$(date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
  42
  43 # The actual directory of the current backup - this is a subdirectory of the main directory above with a timestamp
  44 backupDir="${backupMainDir}/${currentDate}"
  45
  46 # TODO: Use compression for file/data dir
  47 # When this is the only script for backups, it's recommend to enable compression.
  48 # If the output of this script is used in another (compressing) backup (e.g. borg backup),
  49 # you should probably disable compression here and only enable compression of your main backup script.
  50 useCompression=true
  51
  52 # TOOD: The bare tar command for using compression.
  53 # Use 'tar -cpzf' if you want to use gzip compression.
  54 compressionCommand="tar -I pigz -cpf"
  55
  56 # TODO: The directory of your Nextcloud installation (this is a directory under your web root)
  57 nextcloudFileDir='/var/www/nextcloud'
  58
  59 # TODO: The directory of your Nextcloud data directory (outside the Nextcloud file directory)
  60 # If your data directory is located under Nextcloud's file directory (somewhere in the web root), the data directory should not be a separate part of the backup
  61 nextcloudDataDir='/var/nextcloud_data'
  62
  63 # TODO: The directory of your Nextcloud's local external storage.
  64 # Uncomment if you use local external storage.
  65 #nextcloudLocalExternalDataDir='/var/nextcloud_external_data'
  66
  67 # TODO: The service name of the web server. Used to start/stop web server (e.g. 'systemctl start <webserverServiceName>')
  68 webserverServiceName='nginx'
  69
  70 # TODO: Your web server user
  71 webserverUser='www-data'
  72
  73 # TODO: The name of the database system (one of: mysql, mariadb, postgresql)
  74 databaseSystem='mariadb'
  75
  76 # TODO: Your Nextcloud database name
  77 nextcloudDatabase='nextcloud_db'
  78
  79 # TODO: Your Nextcloud database user
  80 dbUser='nextcloud_db_user'
  81
  82 # TODO: The password of the Nextcloud database user
  83 dbPassword='mYpAsSw0rd'
  84
  85 # TODO: The maximum number of backups to keep (when set to 0, all backups are kept)
  86 maxNrOfBackups=0
  87
  88 # TODO: Ignore updater's backup directory in the data directory to save space
  89 # Set to true to ignore the backup directory
  90 ignoreUpdaterBackups=false
  91
  92 # File names for backup files
  93 # If you prefer other file names, you'll also have to change the NextcloudRestore.sh script.
  94 fileNameBackupFileDir='nextcloud-filedir.tar'
  95 fileNameBackupDataDir='nextcloud-datadir.tar'
  96
  97 if [ "$useCompression" = true ] ; then
  98         fileNameBackupFileDir='nextcloud-filedir.tar.gz'
  99         fileNameBackupDataDir='nextcloud-datadir.tar.gz'
 100 fi
 101
 102 fileNameBackupExternalDataDir=''
 103
 104 if [ ! -z "${nextcloudLocalExternalDataDir+x}" ] ; then
 105         fileNameBackupExternalDataDir='nextcloud-external-datadir.tar'
 106
 107         if [ "$useCompression" = true ] ; then
 108                 fileNameBackupExternalDataDir='nextcloud-external-datadir.tar.gz'
 109         fi
 110 fi
 111
 112 fileNameBackupDb='nextcloud-db.sql'
 113
 114 # Function for error messages
 115 errorecho() { cat <<< "$@" 1>&2; }
 116
 117 function DisableMaintenanceMode() {
 118         echo "$(date +"%H:%M:%S"): Switching off maintenance mode..."
 119         sudo -u "${webserverUser}" php ${nextcloudFileDir}/occ maintenance:mode --off
 120         echo "Done"
 121         echo
 122 }
 123
 124 # Capture CTRL+C
 125 trap CtrlC INT
 126
 127 function CtrlC() {
 128         read -p "Backup cancelled. Keep maintenance mode? [y/n] " -n 1 -r
 129         echo
 130
 131         if ! [[ $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]
 132         then
 133                 DisableMaintenanceMode
 134         else
 135                 echo "Maintenance mode still enabled."
 136         fi
 137
 138         echo "Starting web server..."
 139         systemctl start "${webserverServiceName}"
 140         echo "Done"
 141         echo
 142
 143         exit 1
 144 }
 145
 146 #
 147 # Print information
 148 #
 149 echo "Backup directory: ${backupMainDir}"
 150
 151 #
 152 # Check for root
 153 #
 154 if [ "$(id -u)" != "0" ]
 155 then
 156         errorecho "ERROR: This script has to be run as root!"
 157         exit 1
 158 fi
 159
 160 #
 161 # Check if backup dir already exists
 162 #
 163 if [ ! -d "${backupDir}" ]
 164 then
 165         mkdir -p "${backupDir}"
 166 else
 167         errorecho "ERROR: The backup directory ${backupDir} already exists!"
 168         exit 1
 169 fi
 170
 171 #
 172 # Set maintenance mode
 173 #
 174 echo "$(date +"%H:%M:%S"): Set maintenance mode for Nextcloud..."
 175 sudo -u "${webserverUser}" php ${nextcloudFileDir}/occ maintenance:mode --on
 176 echo "Done"
 177 echo
 178
 179 #
 180 # Stop web server
 181 #
 182 echo "$(date +"%H:%M:%S"): Stopping web server..."
 183 systemctl stop "${webserverServiceName}"
 184 echo "Done"
 185 echo
 186
 187 #
 188 # Backup file directory
 189 #
 190 echo "$(date +"%H:%M:%S"): Creating backup of Nextcloud file directory..."
 191
 192 if [ "$useCompression" = true ] ; then
 193         `$compressionCommand "${backupDir}/${fileNameBackupFileDir}" -C "${nextcloudFileDir}" .`
 194 else
 195         tar -cpf "${backupDir}/${fileNameBackupFileDir}" -C "${nextcloudFileDir}" .
 196 fi
 197
 198 echo "Done"
 199 echo
 200
 201 #
 202 # Backup data directory
 203 #
 204 echo "$(date +"%H:%M:%S"): Creating backup of Nextcloud data directory..."
 205
 206 if [ "$ignoreUpdaterBackups" = true ] ; then
 207         echo "Ignoring updater backup directory"
 208
 209         if [ "$useCompression" = true ] ; then
 210                 `$compressionCommand "${backupDir}/${fileNameBackupDataDir}"  --exclude="updater-*/backups/*" -C "${nextcloudDataDir}" .`
 211         else
 212                 tar -cpf "${backupDir}/${fileNameBackupDataDir}"  --exclude="updater-*/backups/*" -C "${nextcloudDataDir}" .
 213         fi
 214 else
 215         if [ "$useCompression" = true ] ; then
 216                 `$compressionCommand "${backupDir}/${fileNameBackupDataDir}"  -C "${nextcloudDataDir}" .`
 217         else
 218                 tar -cpf "${backupDir}/${fileNameBackupDataDir}"  -C "${nextcloudDataDir}" .
 219         fi
 220 fi
 221
 222 echo "Done"
 223 echo
 224
 225 #
 226 # Backup local external storage.
 227 #
 228 if [ ! -z "${nextcloudLocalExternalDataDir+x}" ] ; then
 229         echo "$(date +"%H:%M:%S"): Creating backup of Nextcloud local external storage directory..."
 230
 231         if [ "$useCompression" = true ] ; then
 232                 `$compressionCommand "${backupDir}/${fileNameBackupExternalDataDir}"  -C "${nextcloudLocalExternalDataDir}" .`
 233         else
 234                 tar -cpf "${backupDir}/${fileNameBackupExternalDataDir}"  -C "${nextcloudLocalExternalDataDir}" .
 235         fi
 236
 237         echo "Done"
 238         echo
 239 fi
 240
 241 #
 242 # Backup DB
 243 #
 244 if [ "${databaseSystem,,}" = "mysql" ] || [ "${databaseSystem,,}" = "mariadb" ]; then
 245         echo "$(date +"%H:%M:%S"): Backup Nextcloud database (MySQL/MariaDB)..."
 246
 247         if ! [ -x "$(command -v mysqldump)" ]; then
 248                 errorecho "ERROR: MySQL/MariaDB not installed (command mysqldump not found)."
 249                 errorecho "ERROR: No backup of database possible!"
 250         else
 251                 mysqldump --single-transaction -h localhost -u "${dbUser}" -p"${dbPassword}" "${nextcloudDatabase}" > "${backupDir}/${fileNameBackupDb}"
 252         fi
 253
 254         echo "Done"
 255         echo
 256 elif [ "${databaseSystem,,}" = "postgresql" ] || [ "${databaseSystem,,}" = "pgsql" ]; then
 257         echo "$(date +"%H:%M:%S"): Backup Nextcloud database (PostgreSQL)..."
 258
 259         if ! [ -x "$(command -v pg_dump)" ]; then
 260                 errorecho "ERROR: PostgreSQL not installed (command pg_dump not found)."
 261                 errorecho "ERROR: No backup of database possible!"
 262         else
 263                 PGPASSWORD="${dbPassword}" pg_dump "${nextcloudDatabase}" -h localhost -U "${dbUser}" -f "${backupDir}/${fileNameBackupDb}"
 264         fi
 265
 266         echo "Done"
 267         echo
 268 fi
 269
 270 #
 271 # Start web server
 272 #
 273 echo "$(date +"%H:%M:%S"): Starting web server..."
 274 systemctl start "${webserverServiceName}"
 275 echo "Done"
 276 echo
 277
 278 #
 279 # Disable maintenance mode
 280 #
 281 DisableMaintenanceMode
 282
 283 #
 284 # Delete old backups
 285 #
 286 if [ ${maxNrOfBackups} != 0 ]
 287 then
 288         nrOfBackups=$(ls -l ${backupMainDir} | grep -c ^d)
 289
 290         if [ ${nrOfBackups} -gt ${maxNrOfBackups} ]
 291         then
 292                 echo "$(date +"%H:%M:%S"): Removing old backups..."
 293                 ls -t ${backupMainDir} | tail -$(( nrOfBackups - maxNrOfBackups )) | while read -r dirToRemove; do
 294                         echo "${dirToRemove}"
 295                         rm -r "${backupMainDir}/${dirToRemove:?}"
 296                         echo "Done"
 297                         echo
 298                 done
 299         fi
 300 fi
 301
 302 echo
 303 echo "DONE!"
 304 echo "$(date +"%H:%M:%S"): Backup created: ${backupDir}"